FaSTExt: Fast and Small Text Extractor

Text detection in natural images is a challenging but necessary task for many applications. Existing approaches utilize large deep convolutional neural networks making it difficult to use them in real-world tasks. We propose a small yet relatively precise text extraction method. The basic component of it is a convolutional neural network which works in a fully-convolutional manner and produces results at multiple scales. Each scale output predicts whether a pixel is a part of some word, its geometry, and its relation to neighbors at the same scale and between scales. The key factor of reducing the complexity of the model was the utilization of depthwise separable convolution, linear bottlenecks, and inverted residuals. Experiments on public datasets show that the proposed network can effectively detect text while keeping the number of parameters in the range of 1.58 to 10.59 million in different configurations.Comment: 6 pages, 8th International Workshop on Camera-Based Document Analysis & Recognitio

Overtrusting robots: Setting a research agenda to mitigate overtrust in automation

There is increasing attention given to the concept of trustworthiness for artificial intelligence and robotics. However, trust is highly context-dependent, varies among cultures, and requires reflection on others’ trustworthiness, appraising whether there is enough evidence to conclude that these agents deserve to be trusted. Moreover, little research exists on what happens when too much trust is placed in robots and autonomous systems. Conceptual clarity and a shared framework for approaching overtrust are missing. In this contribution, we offer an overview of pressing topics in the context of overtrust and robots and autonomous systems. Our review mobilizes insights solicited from in-depth conversations from a multidisciplinary workshop on the subject of trust in human–robot interaction (HRI), held at a leading robotics conference in 2020. A broad range of participants brought in their expertise, allowing the formulation of a forward-looking research agenda on overtrust and automation biases in robotics and autonomous systems. Key points include the need for multidisciplinary understandings that are situated in an eco-system perspective, the consideration of adjacent concepts such as deception and anthropomorphization, a connection to ongoing legal discussions through the topic of liability, and a socially embedded understanding of overtrust in education and literacy matters. The article integrates diverse literature and provides a ground for common understanding for overtrust in the context of HRI.publishedVersio

Crowd Arbitration: Blockchain Dispute Resolution

Internet technology makes digital value transactions between anonymous individuals possible, but leaves unanswered the question of how to resolve disputes between unidentified parties. Blockchain dispute resolution platforms provide a response to this problem. In the social dispute resolution systems for blockchain currently in use, pseudo anonymous jurors can resolve disputes between pseudo anonymous parties. This paper presents Kleros as the most illustrative blockchain dispute resolution platform BDRP. To describe the features of the Kleros dispute resolution platform and the qualification of jurors, this research employs an online dispute resolution survey of both the jurors and stakeholders of the Kleros platform. This study raises important questions about key elements of procedural justice in resolution platforms for blockchain disputes. The research underlines the pros and cons of dispute resolution for crowdsourced blockchain and contributes to the further development of online dispute resolution systems. It tests the wisdom of the crowd as the core attribute of the resolution process in crowdsource disputes. Crowdsource mass dispute resolution, coupled with cooperative jurors and blockchain technology, could ensure greater effectiveness and fairness of the dispute resolution process, especially the adjudication of online small claims disputes

Control over organization. Control in centralized and decentralized systems

Este proyecto de investigación interdisciplinario tiene como objetivo el análisis del concepto moderno y los factores determinantes del control de la persona; revisa el desarrollo histórico del concepto; discutir la capacidad de identificar el poder de control; ayuda a descubrir la distribución fáctica del poder y las jerarquías; propone métodos de control y análisis de controlar la estructura de la red. En la investigación, el control de las empresas y los indicadores clave de control se discuten desde el punto de vista legal, económico, contractual y tecnológico. El derecho corporativo moderno y las reglas de gobierno corporativo tienen una brecha entre las reglas legales obsoletas y las nuevas estructuras de red; legislación y procesos sociales. Hay muchas situaciones no estándar en las que la ley moderna no funciona: las estructuras VIE en China con control indirecto; Activistas minoritarios cooperativos; y, finalmente, organizaciones virtuales descentralizadas. Los métodos de determinación de control solo funcionan en los casos simples. Con respecto al control por coaliciones o existente en organizaciones de redes, las definiciones de control son vagas y no tienen una metodología clara. Sin embargo, las herramientas económicas y sociales como el Análisis Cooperativo de Juegos y el Análisis de Redes Sociales pueden arrojar luz sobre el proceso de formación de coaliciones y crear nuevas regulaciones. Centrándose en la mejor práctica de la regulación de accionistas accionistas, protección de derechos de accionistas minoritarios, conflictos entre accionistas minoritarios y controladores y la implementación de efectividad de la ley el proyecto refuerza la regulación existente y facilita el desarrollo de nuevas reglas para mejorar la efectividad del análisis de control sobre el poder excesivo de la persona controladora teniendo en cuenta los aspectos prácticos de la implementación de la ley. La investigación muestra que el control sobre la organización puede ser completo, parcial, lateral, vertical, pero no puede ser absoluto. El objetivo complementario de la investigación es un análisis de los determinantes modernos de la distribución de control sobre corporaciones, activos, transacciones y organizaciones descentralizadas en la red distribuida de blockchain. Sobre la base del análisis, se proponen los métodos de determinación del control en coaliciones complicadas y organizaciones de redes. El control en la red descentralizada se logró e implementó más rápido con poca cantidad de errores, por lo tanto, el control es más completo y generalizado. La presente investigación sugiere formas de superar los problemas existentes con una identificación más precisa del control en coaliciones, sociedades de redes y organizaciones con una estructura de propiedad borrosa. Se discuten los aspectos factibles del control exclusivo, compartido y móvil. El control se considera esencia móvil, que podría existir por separado de los beneficiarios y las partes interesadas de la organización controladora y controlada. La investigación subraya la importancia y la influencia de las coaliciones y las sociedades de redes. El análisis de control de red permite el análisis de la distribución de control entre coaliciones.This interdisciplinary research project aims analysis of modern concept and determinants of controlling person; reviews historical development of concept; discuss the ability to identify power of control; helps to uncover factual distribution of power and hierarchies; proposes methods of control and analysis of controlling network structure. In the research the control over companies and key indicators of control are discussed from the legal, economical, contractual, and technological point of view. Modern corporate law and corporate governance rules have a gap between obsolete legal rules and new network structures; legislation and social processes. There are a lot of non-standard situations where modern law is not working: VIE structures in China with indirect control; Cooperative minority Activists; and, finally, Decentralized Virtual Organizations. Methods of control determination are working only in the simple cases. In respect to control by coalitions or existing in networking organizations, the definitions of control are vague and have no clear methodology. Though, the economic and social tools like Cooperative Game Analysis and Social Network Analysis can shed light on the process of formation of coalitions and create new regulations. Focusing on the best practice of the controlling shareholder regulation, minority shareholders rights protection, conflicts between minority and controlling shareholder and effectiveness of law implementation the project strengths the existing regulation and facilitates development of new rules to enhance the effectiveness of analysis of control over excessive power of the controlling person taking into account practical aspects of law implementation. The research shows that the control over organization can be full, partial, lateral, vertical but cannot be absolute. The complimentary objective of the research is an analysis of modern determinants of control distribution over corporation, assets, transactions, and decentralized organizations on blockchain distributed network. On the ground of analysis, the methods of determination of control in complicated coalitions and network organizations are proposed. The control in decentralized network achieved and implemented faster with low quantity of errors, therefore, control is more comprehensive and pervasive. The present research suggests ways to overcome the existing problems with more precise identification of control in coalitions, networking societies and organizations with blurred ownership structure. The feasible aspects of sole, shared and movable control are discussed. Control is viewed as movable essence, which could exist separately from beneficiaries and stakeholders of controlling and controlled organization. The research underlines the importance and influence of coalitions and networking societies. The Network Control Analysis enables analysis of control distribution among coalitions

Control over organization : control in centralized and decentralized systems /

Este proyecto de investigación interdisciplinario tiene como objetivo el análisis del concepto moderno y los factores determinantes del control de la persona; revisa el desarrollo histórico del concepto; discutir la capacidad de identificar el poder de control; ayuda a descubrir la distribución fáctica del poder y las jerarquías; propone métodos de control y análisis de controlar la estructura de la red. En la investigación, el control de las empresas y los indicadores clave de control se discuten desde el punto de vista legal, económico, contractual y tecnológico. El derecho corporativo moderno y las reglas de gobierno corporativo tienen una brecha entre las reglas legales obsoletas y las nuevas estructuras de red; legislación y procesos sociales. Hay muchas situaciones no estándar en las que la ley moderna no funciona: las estructuras VIE en China con control indirecto; Activistas minoritarios cooperativos; y, finalmente, organizaciones virtuales descentralizadas. Los métodos de determinación de control solo funcionan en los casos simples. Con respecto al control por coaliciones o existente en organizaciones de redes, las definiciones de control son vagas y no tienen una metodología clara. Sin embargo, las herramientas económicas y sociales como el Análisis Cooperativo de Juegos y el Análisis de Redes Sociales pueden arrojar luz sobre el proceso de formación de coaliciones y crear nuevas regulaciones. Centrándose en la mejor práctica de la regulación de accionistas accionistas, protección de derechos de accionistas minoritarios, conflictos entre accionistas minoritarios y controladores y la implementación de efectividad de la ley el proyecto refuerza la regulación existente y facilita el desarrollo de nuevas reglas para mejorar la efectividad del análisis de control sobre el poder excesivo de la persona controladora teniendo en cuenta los aspectos prácticos de la implementación de la ley. La investigación muestra que el control sobre la organización puede ser completo, parcial, lateral, vertical, pero no puede ser absoluto. El objetivo complementario de la investigación es un análisis de los determinantes modernos de la distribución de control sobre corporaciones, activos, transacciones y organizaciones descentralizadas en la red distribuida de blockchain. Sobre la base del análisis, se proponen los métodos de determinación del control en coaliciones complicadas y organizaciones de redes. El control en la red descentralizada se logró e implementó más rápido con poca cantidad de errores, por lo tanto, el control es más completo y generalizado. La presente investigación sugiere formas de superar los problemas existentes con una identificación más precisa del control en coaliciones, sociedades de redes y organizaciones con una estructura de propiedad borrosa. Se discuten los aspectos factibles del control exclusivo, compartido y móvil. El control se considera esencia móvil, que podría existir por separado de los beneficiarios y las partes interesadas de la organización controladora y controlada. La investigación subraya la importancia y la influencia de las coaliciones y las sociedades de redes. El análisis de control de red permite el análisis de la distribución de control entre coaliciones.This interdisciplinary research project aims analysis of modern concept and determinants of controlling person; reviews historical development of concept; discuss the ability to identify power of control; helps to uncover factual distribution of power and hierarchies; proposes methods of control and analysis of controlling network structure. In the research the control over companies and key indicators of control are discussed from the legal, economical, contractual, and technological point of view. Modern corporate law and corporate governance rules have a gap between obsolete legal rules and new network structures; legislation and social processes. There are a lot of non-standard situations where modern law is not working: VIE structures in China with indirect control; Cooperative minority Activists; and, finally, Decentralized Virtual Organizations. Methods of control determination are working only in the simple cases. In respect to control by coalitions or existing in networking organizations, the definitions of control are vague and have no clear methodology. Though, the economic and social tools like Cooperative Game Analysis and Social Network Analysis can shed light on the process of formation of coalitions and create new regulations. Focusing on the best practice of the controlling shareholder regulation, minority shareholders rights protection, conflicts between minority and controlling shareholder and effectiveness of law implementation the project strengths the existing regulation and facilitates development of new rules to enhance the effectiveness of analysis of control over excessive power of the controlling person taking into account practical aspects of law implementation. The research shows that the control over organization can be full, partial, lateral, vertical but cannot be absolute. The complimentary objective of the research is an analysis of modern determinants of control distribution over corporation, assets, transactions, and decentralized organizations on blockchain distributed network. On the ground of analysis, the methods of determination of control in complicated coalitions and network organizations are proposed. The control in decentralized network achieved and implemented faster with low quantity of errors, therefore, control is more comprehensive and pervasive. The present research suggests ways to overcome the existing problems with more precise identification of control in coalitions, networking societies and organizations with blurred ownership structure. The feasible aspects of sole, shared and movable control are discussed. Control is viewed as movable essence, which could exist separately from beneficiaries and stakeholders of controlling and controlled organization. The research underlines the importance and influence of coalitions and networking societies. The Network Control Analysis enables analysis of control distribution among coalitions

Overtrusting Robots: Setting a Research Agenda to Mitigate Overtrust in Automation

There is increasing attention given to the concept of trustworthiness for artificial intelligence and robotics. However, trust is highly context-dependent, varies among cultures, and requires reflection on others’ trustworthiness, appraising whether there is enough evidence to conclude that these agents deserve to be trusted. Moreover, little research exists on what happens when too much trust is placed in robots and autonomous systems. Conceptual clarity and a shared framework for approaching overtrust are missing. In this contribution, we offer an overview of pressing topics in the context of overtrust and robots and autonomous systems. Our review mobilizes insights solicited from in-depth conversations from a multidisciplinary workshop on the subject of trust in human-robot interaction, held at a leading robotics conference in 2020. A broad range of participants brought in their expertise, allowing formulation of a forward-looking research agenda on overtrust and automation biases in robotics and autonomous systems. Key points include the need for multidisciplinary understandings that are situated in an eco-system perspective, the consideration of adjacent concepts such as deception and anthropomorphization, a connection to ongoing legal discussions through the topic of liability and a socially embedded understanding of overtrust in education and literacy matters. The article integrates diverse literature and provides a ground for common understanding for overtrust in the context of human-robot interaction